L'Ebreo/The Jew

Archivio Buonarroti 81, Dramatic Compositions including L'Ebreo/The Jew.

What is L’Ebreo (The Jew)?

Or rather, how many things is it—all at once?

This is a question I asked myself time and again, while writing the (as yet unpublished) book, Carnival Blood.

 

L'Ebreo Comm[edi]a Bozza = The Jew a Comedy Draft; an index tab in the author's own writing.

First and foremost, L'Ebreo is a concrete object...a physical artifact...fashioned of ink on paper:

“Michelangelo the Younger’s L’Ebreo—the intriguing Carnival comedy on which I focus—exists in a single autograph version in the Archive of the Casa Buonarroti in Florence: AB 81 ff.1-116 (Archivio Buonarroti, volume 81, folios 1 through 116). This is followed by another 20 sheets of miscellaneous working papers related—at least in part—to Michelangelo's L’Ebreo project.”

A typical page opening of L'Ebreo/The Jew.

 

The manuscript of L’Ebreo reveals a fraught work-in-progress, frantically revised and often barely legible:

“Rough draft” didn’t even begin to describe it! A wriggling mass of scratch-outs and rewrites, marginal notes and pasted-on scribbles. More than a hundred pages—two hundred sides, front and back—of an unruly work-in-progress. Obscured by the slow burn of acid ink and layer upon layer of decaying restoration. Words jumped out from the scrawled pages…”

Notes-to-self attached to the L'Ebreo manuscript; Michelangelo the Younger considers ways to streamline the plot and sharpen his characterization of the Jew in the title role. (Note the reiteration of the word "ebreo".)

L’Ebreo is an extraordinary historical document. It brings us face-to-face with Florence’s pastparticularly its Jewish past:

“When we open a volume of Michelangelo the Younger’s writings, we plunge headlong into the author’s life and times. One allusion leads to another, taking us through the bustling streets of late Renaissance Florence, the gilded salons of the Medici palaces, the shadowy precincts of the Casa Buonarroti and even the narrow byways of the local Ghetto. Scarcely 500 Jews lived in the Tuscan capital in Michelangelo the Younger’s day, among 60,000 Christians. Still, they were an inevitable feature of local life.”

 L'Ebreo Commedia di M[ichelange]lo B[uonarrot]ti = The Jew, a Comedy by Michelangelo Buonarroti [the Younger].

L’Ebreo is a comic treasure and non-stop fun, in the high-energy mode of the Commedia dell'Arte:

“Buonarroti conceived his Jewish play as a rollicking entertainment in the commedia dell’arte style, packed with absurd conflicts, explosive satire and slap-stick humor. The laughs come thick and fast, although his best jokes are still rough around the edges. He left the storyline full of holes, but his scenes are strong and engaging.”

A commedia dell'arte-inspired scene, engraved by Giacomo Franco. Amorous window activity of this sort features prominently in Michelangelo the Younger's L'Ebreo.

 

My mission is to bring this extraordinary work back to life—as both a compelling modern entertainment and a key to the past.

A theatrical print by Jacques Callot, who worked in Florence in Michelangelo the Younger's day.